Xanthoma is a type of skin lesion which is caused by the excessive presence of lipid (fat) in the certain cells of the immune system (macrophages). Some types of xanthoma directly linked with different lipid metabolism disorders like high blood fats and hyperlipidemia. Types of xanthomas are classified according to their location on bodies and how they develop. Xanthelasma palpebrarum is the most common type of xanthoma.

The lesions form symmetrically on upper and lower eyelids. They are described as soft, yellow, and flat papules/plaques in appearance. Xanthoma is caused predominately by the disturbance in lipids (fat) metabolism. Moreover, factors like genetic defects and some systemic disorders (i.e. diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome, or hypothyroidism) may trigger changes in the levels of certain lipids and lipoproteins. Treatment of xanthoma is closely linked with identifying and treating lipid disorder. This method helps to reduce or clear the xanthoma. The combination of dietary and lifestyle modifications with or without medication(s) involvement are used for the treatment of lipid disorders. The locally destructive modalities and surgical procedures can also be used to treat xanthoma if the condition is unable to be resolved and/if already assigned treatment does not show any improvements. In terms of xanthelasma, it can be treated by following methods

• electrosurgery (radiowave surgery)
• topical destruction with a chemical agent.
• laser treatment
• surgical excision