Black mole
A Guide to Common Benign Skin Lesions- Part 1
A benign skin lesion refers to non-cancerous skin growth. Any individual regardless of age can have a single benign skin lesion or multiple ones.
The common features of benign skin lesions include the following: the lesion is either stable or slowly evolving; symmetry is present in terms of colour, structure, and shape; and spontaneous bleeding is absent.
Benign lesions can be classified according to their cellular origin: melanocytic, keratinocytic, fibrous, vascular, fat, etc.
Common benign skin lesions of melanocytic origin include ephelides, lentigo simplex, and melanocytic naevus (mole).
Ephelides are well-defined small brown macules that are genetically determined. These skin lesions are found in areas that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as face and forearms. Ephelides are usually 1-4 mm in diameter.
Lentigo simplex is a not sun-induced skin lesion. It is a well-circumscribed, uniform black or brown macule. It is found on mucous membrane or skin, including soles and palms. Lentigo simplex develops either during childhood or young adulthood.
A melanocytic naevus is classified according to its histological features into dermal, junctional, or compound naevus.
Dermal naevus is characterised by having naevus cells in the dermis. The dermal naevus is an elevated papule that is either brown, black, or skin coloured. Dermal naevus usually appears during childhood but matures during early adulthood.
Junctional naevus has naevus cells located at the base of the epidermis. A junctional naevus is well-circumscribed pigmented macule that has a regular but at the same time fading border. The number and appearance of junctional naevi depend on an individual’s hormonal levels, immunosuppression, and amount of time being exposed to the sun.
Compound naevus has popular and flat components due to the presence of both junctional and dermal naevus cells. The compound naevus is usually pink or brown coloured and is dome-shaped papule that is surrounded by macular pigmentation. Most of these lesions appear during childhood.
Common benign keratinocytic lesions include solar lentigo and seborrheic keratosis.
A solar lentigo is a pigmented sun-induced macule. Solar lentigines have a wide range of different sizes and usually appear in tan or brown-black colours. These lesions are usually uniformly pigmented and have a sharp border. The arise in adulthood and have a higher prevalence in older people.
Seborrheic keratosis appears as a variable warty plaque. Seborrheic keratosis has a dull, waxy, or verrucous surface. The shape and structure of this lesion vary over time and are often irregular. They can appear in brown, black or yellow colours.
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